Brush.



Nn. 702,530'. Patented June 17, 1902.

J. F. BDWDITCH.

BRUSH.

(Application led. No'v. 21. 1901.) (No Model.)

m: wams PEYERS cu.. PHOTO' man. vvnsrumymn u. c.

UNITED STATES Y:PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN E. BOWDITCH, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

v`Beust-i.

SPECIFICATION forming paraaffirm/ters,` Patent No. 702,530, dated .rune137,190.2.

Application iiled I-Tovember-Zl', Y11'901. Serial No. 83214-7.(llofinodel.)l u

To all whomfitmay concern: l V

Be it knowntthat I,JoHN F. BOWDITCH, a citizen of the United States,'and a resident of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new.

and usefulllmprovements inBrushes,of which the followingis aspecification.

This invention relates to an `improved method of securing the bristlesof'a brush to the handle.

As brushes are sometimes manufactured the bristles are compressed,bound, and cemented together onto a Wooden core or body. It is wellknown that the bristles of a brushv necessary to compress the bristlesat the sides with considerable force. This pressure tends to spread outand weaken the ends, so that the bristles are not firmly held at thesepoints.

. Another objection to the above method is that the binding of thebristles causes them to be pressed together near their butts, so thatthey if they were spreadout at this point. i. 1

The object of my inventioni-is to overcome the above-named defeets,andtherebyproduce a brush in which the bristles,areso'firmlysea cured tothe handle that they' will 4not be will not hold as much paint 'or otherlquidascaused todrop out from the shrinking -or'swell-VV ing of the woodor'frorn any 'other'cauges' f which I am aware. f J 1 A further objectof my inventionis'to pro-v duce a brush which is provided with means forspreading the bristles inside the body near the butts and for formingthe brush so that it will beas solid at the ends as inthe midi? dle.Iaccomplish this object by binding the butts of the bristles in sectionsby meansof metal ferrules, which are compressed about the bristles in amold and then held together by nails, and by securing these sections tothe end of the handlefby means of ametal plate having a series of`teethwhich pass over the edges ofthe feriules and into the bristles.

For a complete understanding of my invention reference is made to theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a side elevation of a flatbrush section removed. Fig. B isan end elevation thereof. -FigAis'asection, ontheline Z Z of Fig; l, one of the brush-sections beingpartly broken away. Fig. 5 is a side view of one of the'brush-sections.Fig; 6`is"a cross-section on line- VV W of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is across-section on line Y. Y of Fig. 1. l

rIhe handle l isV provided with a ilat tongue 2 at its head 10, whichcorresponds in shape to the desired shape of the brush. Said tongue issmaller than the main part of the head, so that a flat surface 3 isformed about it which is perpendicularfto the sides of the tongue. Ametal plate 4, preferably of brass, is firmly secured to the outer endof tongue 2, and the ends of said plate are bent down against the ,sideends of tongue 2, as shown in Fig. 2, thus preventing the tongue frombeing split when nails aredriven therethrough. The side edges of saidplate are provided with a regular series of transverselyfprojectingteeth 5, said teeth projecting beyond the side edges of the tongue, asshown in Figs. 4 and '7.

The manner of securing the bristles to the construction just describedis as follows: A

'mass of bristles B, which are just sufcient for. half the brush, aredrawn into a ferrule 6, of.-.pliable metal, preferably a compositionzinc. The butts are made even and dipped into Cement to a depth about'equal to the lwidth of the ferrule. `A series of small nails 7 are thendriven coin pletely through the ferrule and butts of the mass andclenched on the opposite side, as indicated in Fig.' 6, and then theferrule is compressed between suitablyshaped molds, thus'clenching thenails tight against the outer sidesofthe ferrule and so firmly bindingthe ferrule about the bristles that they would be'irm'lylield even ifthe cement werenotemployed. However,thecement materially strengthens the'connection and is therefore preferably used. ,When the section ismolded, the ends Gthereof are bent transversely to the same side, asshownvinFig. 6.

A second section B' is made inlike manner,

and the two sections are then placed with their butt-ends against thesurface 3 of the head, the inner sides thereof being pressed against thesides of the tongue 2 and the transversely-bent ends 6 of each sectionmeet- IOO ing about the ends of the tongue 2, as shown in Fig. 4, sothat the ends of the brush are continuous, as shown in Fig. 3. The widthof ferrules G are such that when the sections are placed in thisposition the teeth 5 will just pass above the inner edges thereof intothe mass of bristles, nearly to the outer sur face thereof. A series oflarge nails S are then driven completely through the ferrules G, thebutts of both sections, and the tongue 2 and clenched, as shown in Fig.7, thus firmly securing each brush-section to the handle. To give thebrush a finished appearance I bind the butt-ends of the sections and thehead of the handle with a metal band 9, which is nailed to the head. Ialso secure metal ears Il inside of the band 9 at each end of the brush,said ears extending beyond the outer edge of said band aboutthree-fourths of an inch. These ears ll perform a very importantfunction, in that they may be bent inwardly into various positions, sothat the width of the iiag of the brush may be so varied that the brushmay be lnade tapering or square. These ears also prevent small bunchesor sections of the bristles from bending away from the main part of thebrush. The bristles at the ends of the brush are bound with the sametension as those in the middle, and as the bristles are also uniformlydistributed from end to end the brush will apply the paint evenlythrough its entire width. This enables a painter to draw solidstraight-edged lines with the brush and to paint close to a wall withouttouching it, as the brush will apply the paint as freely at the ends asin the middle, and there will be no loosely -projecting bristles to makeragged lines beyond the main part of the brush.

In addition to the functions of the teeth 5 of plate e in holding thebrush-sections against the end of the handle they also perform the veryimportant function of spreading the bristles near the head, as indicatedin Fig. 2, practically forming chambers which will hold the paint orother liquid where the bristles are usually pressed closely together. Asthe teeth do not protrude through the outer surfaces of the bristles,there will be no appreciable leakage of the liquid to the surface fromthe chambers formed thereby. Moreover, it has been ascertained frompractical usc that the transversely-extending teeth in addition togiving fullness to the body of the brush also increase its elasticityand prevent to a large degree the tendency which the bristles have tobecome matted together, and thusprevent the free flow of the liquid fromall points as the brush is drawn over a surface.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that I have produceda brush in which the shrinkage or swelling of the Wood cannot possiblyaffect the security with which the bristles are attached to the head.Moreover, I have accomplished this result without increasing its Weight.

Although my invention is not confined to the precise constructionillustrated and certain features of my invention may be ad vantageouslyused in other forms of brushes, yet I consider the particularconstruction and application which I have disclosed to be the mostadvantageous of any of which I am at present aware.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

l. A brush having the holder provided with a projecting tongue, twobrush-sections which are secured to opposite sides of said tongue, eachof said sections comprising a metal ferrule, a mass of bristles whichare arranged therein, and a series of nails which are driven through oneside of each ferrule and clenched on the opposite side thereof to clampthe respective sides of the bristles upon the bristles which theyinclose.

2. A brush having the holder provided with a projecting tongue,brush-sections which are arranged on opposite sides of said tongue, eachof said sections consisting of a metal ferrule having a mass of bristleswhich is inclosed thereby, means for clamping the sides of the ferrulesabout the bristles, a plate having a series of transversely-projectingteeth, which is secured to said tongue, said teeth projecting over theedges of the ferrules opposite the holder and holding said sectionsagainst the head thereof, and means forsecuring said sections to thesides of said tongue.

3. A flat brush having the holder provided with a rectangularshapedtongue at the end of its head, two brush-sections which are secured toopposite sides of said tongue, said sections each comprising a metalferrule having the bristles arranged therein, means for clamping thesides of each ferrule about the bristles, the opposite ends of saidfel-rules being bent transversely about the ends of said tongue andmeeting so that the bristles which are clamped Within said ends willmeet to form a substantially continuous end for the brush.

4. A brush having its handle or holder provided with a tongue which isshaped to correspond with the desired shape of the brush, brushsectionswhich are secured to opposite sides of said tongue, and a series oftransversely-projecting teeth which are secured to the end of saidtongue and penetrate and subdivide the mass of bristles on each sidethereof.

5. A flat brush having two iexible metal ears which are secured toopposite ends of the head thereof and extend along the ends of the massof bristles comprising the brush, said ears being adapted to be bentinto various positions to vary the width of the brush at its workingend.

G. A brush comprising a head, two oppositely-arranged brush-sections,each of which comprises a metal ferrule and a mass of bris tles whichare clamped thereby, means for IOO IIO

thereby, and means for' seeiiring' said sections together and to saidholder. p l 1o In testimony whereof I have affixed my sigpressing saidsections together, a securingplate which is arranged between saidsections and is provided with projecting teeth which i extend over theedges' of said ferrules, and y nature in presence of two witnesses.

' JOHN F. BOWDITOH. Witnesses:

LOUIS H. HARRIMAN, r GEO. E. TICKER.

5 means for securingr said plate to said head.

7. A brush comprising a holder, two brushsections, each of whichcomprises a metal ferrule and a mass of bristles which is clamped

